part工general conditions
    第一章 總則    definitions and interpretation
    定義和釋義
    1．（1）in the contract，as hereinafter defined，the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them，except where the context otherwise requires：
    1．1在本合同中，除按上下文另具意義者外，下列詞語應解釋如下：
    （a）'employer' means the party named in part ii who will employ the contractor and the legal successors in title to the employer，but not，except with the consent of the contractor，any assignee of the employer．
    “業主”指第二章中所指定的雇用承包人的一方或其權利繼承人，但不包括業主的受讓人，經承包人同意者除外。
    （b）“contractor”means the person or persons，firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the employerand includes the contractor’s personal representatives，successors and permitted assigns．
    “承包人”指標書已被業主接受的某個或某些人、商行或公司，包括其個人代表，繼承人和業經認可的受讓人。
    （c）“engineer”means the engineer designated as such in part ii，or other engineer appointed from time to time by the employer and notified in writing to the contractor to act as engineer for the purposes of the contract in place of the engineer、designated．
    “工程師”指第二章中所指定的工程師，或由業主隨時任命且書面通知承包人以代替指定工程師履行合同職責的其他工程師。
    （d) 'engineer’s representative' means any resident engineer or assistant of the engineer or any clerk of works appointed from time to time by the employer or the engineer to perform the duties set forth in clause 2 hereof，whose authority shall be notified in writing to the contractor by the engineer．
    “工程師代表”指任何常駐工程技術人員、工程師助手，或由業主或工程師隨時任命履行本合同第二條規定職責的任何工程現場監督，其權限應由工程師書面通告承包人。
    （e) “works” shall include both permanent works and temporary works，
    “工程”包括永久性工程和臨建工程。
    （f）“contract” means the conditions of contract，specification，drawings，priced bill of quantities，schedule of rates and prices，if any，tender，letter of acceptance and the contract agreement，if completed．
    “合同”指合同條款、技術規范、圖紙、標價的建筑工程清單、單價和價格表（如果有），還可指標書、接受證書以及承包協議（如已完成）。
    （g) “contract price” means the sum named in the letter of acceptance, subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained．
    “合同價格”指在接受證書中確定的數額，可按本合同以下條款規定增減。
    （h)“constructional plant' means all appliances or things of whatsoever nature required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works but does not include materials or other things intended to form or forming part of the permanent works．
    “建筑設備”指工程施工和維修中或有關施工和維修所需的全部設備或物品，不論任何性質，但不包括旨在構成或正在構成永久性工程某一部分的材料或其他物品。
    （i）“temporary works' means all temporary works of every kind required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works．
    “臨建工程”指工程施工或維修或有關工程施工或維修所需的各種臨時工程。
    （j）“permanent works”means the permanent works to be executed and maintained in accordance with the contract．
    “永久性工程”指按合同將施工和維修的永久工程。
    （k） “specification” means the specification referred to in the tender and any modification thereof or addition thereto as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “技術規范”指在標書或任何標書更改中提及的規范，或由工程師隨時可能增加或書面同意增加的部分。
    （1）“drawings” means the drawings referred to in the specification and any modification of such drawings approved in writing by the engineer and such other drawings as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “圖紙”指技術規范中規定的圖紙，經工程師書面同意對此種圖紙所作的任何更改，以及可由工程師隨時提供或書面認同的其他圖紙。
    （m） “site” means the land and other places on，under，in or through which the permanent works or temporary works designed by the engineer are to be executed and any other lands and places provided by the employer for working space or any other purpose as may be apecifically designated in the contract as forming part of the site．
    “工地”指工程師設計的永久性或臨建工程施工所需的土地及其他場地，包括地面、地下、在之上或通過部分，以及由業主所提供的用作臨時儲存或其他目的的其他土地或場所，只要能按合同明文規定構成工地的組成部分。
    （n）“approved” means approved in writing，including subsequent written confirmation ofprevious verbalapproval and“approval' means approval in writing，including as aforesaid．
    “業經認可”指已經經書面認可，包括過后對口頭認可的書面確認，“認可”指書面認可，包括上述規定在內。
     （2）words importing the singular only also include the plural and vice versa where the context requires•
    1．2按合同上下文所需，單數含義的單詞也可具有復數的含義，反之一樣。
    （3）the headings and marginal notes in these conditions of contract shall not be deemed to be part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the contract．
    1．3合同條款的標題和邊注不得視為合同的一部分，不得用于考慮解釋條款或合同。
    （4）the word“cost' shall be deemed to include overhead costs whether on or off the site．
    1．4“費用”一詞應視為含工地上或以外發生的間接費用。
             
    engineer and engineer’s reprf．sfntative
    工程師及工程師代表    2．（1）the engineer shall carry out such duties in issuing decisions，certificates and orders as are specified in the contract．in the event of the engineer being required in terms of his appointment by the employer to obtain the specific approval of the employer for the execution of any part of these duties，this shall be set out in part ii of these conditions．
    2．1工程師必須按合同明文規定，履行作決斷、頒發證書和發出指令等職責。如業主簽發的工程師任命書中規定其某些職責的履行得經業主專門認可，其要件應在本合同第二部分予以規定。
    （2）the engineer may from time to time in writing delegate to the engineer's representative any of the powers and authorities vested in the engineer and shall furnish to the contractor and to the employer a copy of all such written delegations of powers and authorities． any written instruction or approval given by the engineer’s representative to the contractor within the terms of such delegation，but not otherwise，shall bind the contractor and the employer as though it had been given by the engineer．provided always as follws：
    2．2工程師可隨時書面授權其代表代行其任何職權，但必須將所有此種授權書的副本提交給承包人和業主。在授權期間，工程師代表給承包人的任何書面指令或認可（僅限于此）對承包人和業主具有與工程師的指令或認可同樣的效力。以下規定屬于例外：
    （a） failure of the engineer's representative to disapprove any work or materials shall not prejudice the power of the engineer thereafter to disapprove such work or materials and to order the pulling down，removal or breaking up thereof．
    工程師代表對任何工程或材料的不予否認，不得影響工程師此后否認以及命令拆毀、移動或拆除此種工程或材料的權力。
    （b）if the contractor shall be dissatisfied by reason of any decisions of the engineer's representative he shall be entitled to refer the matter to the engineer，who shall thereupon confirm，reverse or vary such decision．
    若承包人對工程師代表的任何決定不滿意，其有權將此決定提交工程師確認、取消或更改。                              assignment and sub—letting
    轉讓和分包    3．the contractor shall not assign the contract or any part thereof，or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder，otherwise than by a charge in favor of the contractor's bankers of any monies due or to become due under this contract，without the prior written consent of the employer．
    3．未經業主事前書面同意，承包人不得將合同或其他任何部分，或合同所規定或依合同而產生的任何收益轉讓，向承包人的開戶銀行支付按本合同規定到期或即將到期的款項除外。    4．the contractor shall not sub-let the whole of the works．except where otherwise provided by the contract，the contractor shall not sub-let any part of the works without the prior written consent of the engineer，which shall not be unreasonably withheld，and such consent，if given，shall not relieve the（contractor from any liability or obligation under the contract and he shall be responsible for the acts，defaults and neglects of any sub-contractor，his agents，servants or workmen as fully as if they were the acts，defaults or neglects of the contractor，his agents． servants or workmen．provided always that the provision of labor on a piecework basis shall not be deemed to be a subletting under the clause．
    4．承包人不得轉包整個工程。除非合同另有規定，未經工程師事前書面同意，承包人也不得分包工程的任何部分，但工程師不得無故不同意分包，一旦同意分包，此種同意不得免去承包人所承擔的任何合同所規定的責任或義務，他必須對任何分包人、其代理人、雇員或工人的行為、不履行和過失負完全責任，如同這些行為、不履行或過失是承包人、其代理人、雇員或工人所為。以計件方式提供勞力不得視為是本條所規定的分包。
                               
    contract documents
    合同文件    5．（1）there shall be stated in part 1i of these conditions：
    5．1以下要件得在合同第二部分規定：
    （a）the language or languages in which the contract documents shall be drawn up and．
    用以起草合同文件的語言；
    （b）the country or state，the law of which is to apply to the contract and according to which
the contract is to be construed．
    合同適用哪個國家的法律以及用哪個國家的法律解釋合同。
    if the said documents are written in more than one language，the language according to which the contract is to be construed and interpreted shall also be designated in part ii，being therein designated the “ruling language”．
    如果文件用一種以上語言作成，用以解釋合同的語言也必須在第二部分中規定，且將被寇為“主體語言”。
    （2）except if and to the extent otherwise provided by the contract，the provisions of the conditions of contract parts ⅰ and ⅱshall prevail over those of any other document forming part of the contract．subject to the foregoing，the several documents forming the contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another，but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explained and adjusted by the engineer who shall thereupon issue to the contractor instructions thereon．provided always that if，in the opinion of the engineer，compliance with any such instructions shall involve the contractor in any cost，which by reason of any such ambiguity or discrepancy could not reasonably have been foreseen by the contractor，the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay such additional sum as may be reasonable to cover such costs．
    5．2除合同中另有規定外，合同第一、二部分的條款規定優于其他任何構成合同的文件的規定。以上述規定為準，構成合同的數個文件可視為能互相解釋，如意思含糊或不一致時，由工程師解釋和處理，并由此向承包人發出指令。如工程師認為，服從此種指令會使承包人發生額外費用，而此種費用是承包人由于上述意思含糊或不一致而按理無法預見的，工程師應予以證明，業主必須支付相應的額外款額以補償此種費用。    6．（1）the drawings shall remain in the sole custody of the engineer，but two copies thereof shall be furnished to the contractor free of charge．the contractor shall provide and make at his own expense any further copies required by him．at the completion of the contract the contractor shall return to the engineer all drawings provided under the contract．
    6．1圖紙由工程師獨自保管，但須向承包人免費提供兩份副本。承包人所需的其余副本由他自己制作并承擔費用。合同履行后，承包人須將全部合同圖紙歸還工程師。
    （2）one copy of the drawings，furnished to the contractor as aforesaid，shall be kept by the contractor on the site and the same shall at all reasonable times be available for inspection and use by the engineer and the engineer's representative and by any other person authorized by the engineer in writing．
    6．2承包人必須將按上述規定所提交的一份圖紙副本留在工地，讓工程師及其代表，或工程師書面授權的任何其他人在所有合理的時間內查閱使用。
    （3）the contractor shall give written notice to the engineer whenever planning or progress of the works' is likely to be delayed or disrupted unless any further drawing or order，including a direction，instruction or approval，is issued by the engineer within a reasonable time．the notice shall include details of the drawing or order required and of why and by when it is required and of any delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late．
    6．3如工程師不在適當時間內再提供圖紙或命令，包括指示、指令或認可，工程計劃或進展便可能被延誤或中斷時，承包人必須書面通知工程師。通知書中應詳細說明所需的圖紙或命令，所需原因和時間，以及如果不及時提供而可能造成的任何延誤和中斷。
    （4）if，by reason of any failure or inability of the engineer to issue within a time reasonable in all the circumstances any drawing or order requested by the contractor in accordance with subclause（3）of this clause，the contractor suffers delay and/or incurs costs then the engineer shall take such delay into account in determining any extension of time to which the contractor is entitled under clause 44 hereof and the contractor shall be paid the amount of such cost as shall be reasonable．   
    6．4如承包人按本條第3款規定索要圖紙或命令，由于工程師沒有或不能在合理時間內
提供，從而導致承包人誤工和左戊承擔費用，工程師必須考慮此種延誤，以決定是否按本合同第44條規定延長承包人的工期，且只要有理由，承包人所承擔的此種費用必須得到補償。    7．the engineer shall have full power and authority to supply to the contractor from time to time, during the progress of the works，such further drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and maintenance of the works． the contractor shall carry out and be bound by the same．
    7．在施工期間，工程師全權負責隨時進一步向承包人提供圖紙和指示，以滿足工程正常施工和維護所需。承包人必須執行且受圖紙和指示的約束。
                               
    general obligations
    總義務    8．（1）the contractor shall，subject to the provisions of the contract，and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the works and provide all labor，including the supervision thereof, materials，constructional plant and all other things，whether of a temporary or permanent nature，required in and for such execution and maintenance，so far as the necessity for providing the same is specified in or is reasonably to be inferred from the contract．
    8．1承包人必須根據合同條款，對工程的施工和維護予以應有的注意，且提供此種施工和維護所必需的包括勞動管理在內的所有勞力、材料、施工成套設備及其他一切物品，不管其是臨時或長期性質，只要合同明文規定需要或根據合同合理推斷需要。
    （2）the contractor shall take full responsibility for the adequacy，stability and safety of all site operations and methods of construction，provided that the contractor shall not be responsible, except as may be expressly provided in the contract，for the design or specification of the permanent works，or for the design or specification of any temporary works prepared by the engineer•
    8．2承包人必須對現場操作和施工方法的恰當、穩定及安全性負全部責任。除非合同另有明文規定，承包人對工程師制定的永久性工程的設計或規格，或臨建工程的設計或規格概不負責。    9．the contractor shall，when called upon so to do，enter into and execute a contract agreement，to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer，in the form annexed with such modification as may be necessary，
    9．如經要求，承包人必須簽署一承包協議，該協議由業主制定并承擔費用，協議應附帶必要的修正條款。    10．if，for the due performance of the contract，the tender shall contain an undertaking by
the contractor to obtain，when required，a bond or guarantee of an insurance company or bank, or other approved sureties to be jointly and severally bound with the contractor to the employer, in a sum not exceeding that stated in the letter of acceptance for such bond or guarantee，the said insurance company or bank or sureties and the terms of the said bond or guarantee shall be such as shall be approved by the employer． the obtaining of such bond or guarantee or theprovision of such sureties and the cost of the bond or guarantee to be so entered into shall be at the expense in all respects of the contractor，unless the contract otherwise provides．
    10．為正常履行合同，在標書中，承包人應承諾按要求取得保險公司或銀行的保單或保函，或其他業經認可由承包人向業主負連帶責任的擔保，其數額不超過驗收證書中規定的保單或保函額，上述保險公司、銀行或擔保以及上述保單或保函的條款必須經業主認可。此種保單或保函的取得或擔保的提供，以及締結保單或保函的費用應全部由承包人承擔，合同中另有規定的除外。    11．the employer shall have made available to the contractor with the tender documents such data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions as shall have been obtained by or on behalf of the employer from investigations undertaken relevant to the works and the tender shall be deemed to have been based on such data，but the contractor shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof．
    11．業主必須在招標文件中向承包人提供由業主或其代理人在進行工程考察時獲得的水文及地質情況資料，標書必須視為是基于此種資料所制定的，但承包人必須對資料的理解自行負責。
    the contractor shall also be deemed to have inspected and examined the site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself，so far as is practicable，before submitting his tender，as to the form and nature thereof，including the sub-surface conditions，the hydrological and climatic conditions，the extent and nature of work and materials necessary for the completion of the works，the means of access to the site and the accommodation he may require and，in general，shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information，subject as above mentioned，as to risks，contingencies and all other circumstances which may influence of affect his tender．
    承包人也必須被視為已視察了工地及周圍環境，查閱了可獲得的有關工地資料，且在提交標書前，對一切實際情況，從形式到性質，包括地質條件、水文和氣候條件、工程范圍和性質以及完成工程所必需的材料、到達工地的交通工具和所需的食宿等感到滿意，總之，承包人必須被視為已得到所有必要的資料，除涉及上述情況外，還涉及風險、意外事件及其他一切可能影響其投標的情況。    12．the contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before tendering as to the correctness and sufficiency of his tender for the works and of the rates and prices stated in the priced bill of quantities and the schedule of rates and prices，if any，which tender rates and prices shall，except insofar as it is otherwise provided in the contract，cover all his obligations under the contract and all matters and things necessary for the proper execution and maintenance of the works．if，however，during the execution of the works the contractor shall encounter physical conditions，other than climatic conditions on the site，or artificial obstructions，which conditions or obstructions could，in his opinion，not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，the contractor shall forthwith give written notice thereof to the engineer's representative and if，in the opinion of the engineer，such conditions or artificial obstructions could not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，then the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay the additional cost to which the contractor shallhave been put by reason of such conditions，including the proper and reasonable cost．
    12．承包人得被視為在投標前已對其工程標書，對標價的建筑工程清單、單價和價格表（如果有）上所列的單價和價格的正確性和完善性感到滿意，此種投標價格必須貫穿其所有的合同義務，適用于所有為工程的正常施工和維護所必需的事物，除非本合同另有規定。然而，在施工期間，如承包人遇到除工地氣候之外的其他自然情況或人為阻礙，依他所見，此種自然情況或人為阻礙是經驗豐富的承包人也無法預見的，承包人必須立即書面通知工程師代表，如工程師確認此種情況或人為阻礙為經驗豐富的承包人無法合理預見，工程師必須作證且業主支付承包人由于此種情況而承擔的額外費用，包括因遇到此種情況或阻礙而：
    （a）of complying with any instruction which the engineer may issue to the contractor in connection therewith，and
    （1）為執行工程師可能向承包人發出的與此情況有關的任何指示而發生的正當合理的費用，以及
    （b）of any proper and reasonable measures approved by the engineer which the contractor may take in the absence of specific instructions from the engineer．as a result of such conditions or obstructions being encountered．
    （2）在無工程師具體指示時，承包人可能采取業經工程師認可的恰當和合理措施而發生的正當合理費用。    13．save insofar as it is legally or physically impossible，the contractor shall execute and maintain the works in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the engineer's instructions and directions on any matter whether mentioned in the contract or not，touching or concerning the works．the contractor shall take instructions and directions only from the engineer or，subject to the limitations referred to in clause 2 hereof，from the engineer's representative．
    13．除因法律或自然因素而不能之外，承包人必須嚴格按合同規定施工和維護工程，使工程師感到滿意，且必須遵守和嚴格執行工程師有關任何事項的指令和指示，不管合同中是否有規定，提及或涉及到工程，承包人只能從工程師處接受指令和指示，或根據本合同第2條規定，接受工程師代表的指令和指示。    14．（1）within the time stated in part 11 of these conditions，the contractor shall，after the acceptance of his tender，submit to the engineer for his approval a program showing the order of procedure in which he proposes to carry out the works．the contractor shall，whenever required by the engineer or engineers’representative，also provide in writing for his information a general description of the arrangements and methods which the contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the works．